Thermoplastics
Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene. It was first produced in 1933 using a high pressure process using free radical polymerization. The density of LDPE can range from 0.910 to 0.940 g/cm3. It can withstand a temperature of 203 degrees fahrenheit for a short time. It is flexible and tough, but breakable. It is resistant to acids, alcohols, bases and esters. Since its molecules are less tightly packed and less crystalline because of the side branches, its density is lower. LDPE is widely used for manufacturing plastic bags.
Medium-Density Polyethylene (MDPE) is a type of polyethylene which is produced by chromium/silica catalyst or metallocene catalyst. The density of MDPE can range from 0.926 to 0.940 g/cm3. It has good shock and drop resistance properties. It is also has a good resistance to aqueous chemicals, solvents and stress cracking. MDPE is widely used for manufacturing pipe fittings. 0.940 g/cm3. It has good shock and drop resistance properties. It is also has a good resistance to aqueous chemicals, solvents and stress cracking. MDPE is widely used for manufacturing pipe fittings.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. It has a large strength-to- density ratio. The density of HDPE can range from 0.93 to 0.97 g/cm3 . HDPE is resistant to many different solvents. It can withstand a temperature of 230 degrees fahrenheit continuously. It cannot withstand normally required autoclaving conditions. HDPE is widely used for manufacturing milk jugs. This material is often used for dilators and introducers because of its low cost and easy processing.
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) has lots of branches and is light weight and flexible, but hard to compress.
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High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) has a linear structure and can be compressed and is strong but, less flexible.
Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is a substantially linear polymer with a significant number of short branches. Because it has shorter and more branches its chains are able slide against each other upon elongation without becoming entangled like LPDE which has long branching chains that would get caught on each other. This gives LLDPE higher tensile strength and higher impact and puncture resistance than the LDPE. It has a density of 0.91-0.94 g/cm3. LLDPE was developed in the 1950’s and is a copolymer of ethylene and a small percentage of octane or butane.